Late buckwheat refers to wheat that is planted later than the winter in the Huaihuai area. Late buckwheat generally shows less spikes, smaller ears, lighter grains, lower yield, and the yield per mu is generally 100-150 kg.
First, the main reason for low yield
1. Autumn species often suffer from continuous rainy and autumn drought, which causes delays in autumn, and the chance of late broadcast is more than that caused by rain. For example, in 2003, I suffered from floods and floods in the Huaihe area. I was unable to drop water for sowing. In some places, the wheat planting period was postponed until the end of November to the beginning of December. Some of the field wheat could not be produced normally after sowing. . Farm: "A shot of wheat in October" refers to the sowing of wheat in the lunar calendar in October, only one single seedling. According to the principle of cultivation, the late buckwheat is less than a few years ago, and basically can not take the winter. After the late buckwheat returns to green, the tillers are mostly ineffective tillers. Even if some of the tillers are formed into panicles, the heads are small and the number of grains per ear is small, so the yield is low.
2, the quality of the sowing of the land is poor, the wheat seedling period is weak, and the seedlings cannot be overwintered. Late buckwheat is mostly rice buckwheat. If it suffers from adverse weather effects when planting, the soil moisture is bad, the year is more rainy, the soil is sticky; in the dry year, the soil moisture content is small, the clods are not easy to be broken, resulting in uneven seeding depth. The phenomenon of clump seed, dew seed and deep seed is common, the seedling is not neat, the seedling is broken, the root growth of wheat seedling is poor, the seedling is small and the seedling is weak and vulnerable to freezing; in addition, due to climate, lyrics and labor during sowing time of late buckwheat The wheat field is not timely, and the "three ditch" (gutter ditch, lumbar ditch, and furrow) are not matched. The ditch is small, the ditch is shallow, the irrigation and drainage is not smooth, and it is susceptible to drought, waterlogged and pests.
3. Inappropriate selection of varieties. In recent years, due to the large-scale use of new varieties of wheat, many farmers do not understand the nature of the varieties, the concept of spring and semi-winter varieties is vague, the sowing date and the amount of sowing are not accurate, and the field management is improper.
4. Farmers who grow late buckwheat generally increase the basic seedlings by increasing the amount of sowing. The amount per acre is generally more than 20 kg, even reaching 25-30 kg. Years ago, the number of stems per acre (actually innocent) was 300,000-400,000. After the year, the climate and cultivation conditions were suitable. The number of stems increased sharply, breaking through 1 million per mu, causing groups and individuals, above-ground parts and underground parts, and nutrition. Growth and reproductive growth are not coordinated, and the cultivation target of strong stalks and large ears cannot be achieved.
5. Fertilization is unreasonable. More "one shelling" fertilization method, that is, 50 kg of "smelly fat" (carbon ammonium), 50 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 15-20 kg of urea before and after the Spring Festival. Neglecting the application of farmyard manure and potash fertilizer, most farmers do not have the habit of spraying fertilizer outside.
6, late buckwheat due to poor growth of groups and individuals and relatively poor cultivation management measures, wheat sheath blight, scab, ear mites and wheat spiders were biased. Because the winter is not timely, the rice blast is very serious, and there is often a phenomenon of wheat and grass.
Second, the solution to the problem
1. Prepare for the severe weather during the autumn season, such as rushing to collect the levy; according to the weather forecast and cultivation requirements, grasp the last irrigation and paddy field drainage time in the paddy field, and create a good sensation for the later glutinous wheat. .
2. Improve production conditions and eliminate waterlogging. Eliminating waterlogging is especially important for low-lying rice fields. Rice buckwheat should avoid large-scale land preparation, and the width should be 3-5 meters. Open the "three ditch" to lower the water table. The ditch generally needs to reach 7-10 cm below the plow floor to form a deep ditch sorghum. The lumbar ditch and the ditch should be deeper than the ditch, so that the ditch and the ditch are connected, and the drainage is convenient.
3. Late buckwheat should use spring varieties with early maturity and resistance to waterlogging and disease resistance, and use semi-winter varieties. The spring varieties were selected from Yumai 18, Zhengmai 9023 and Yangmai 158; the semi-winter varieties were selected from Wanmai 19, Xinmai No. 9, Wenmai No. 4 and Wenmai No. 6.
4. Use less no-tillage technology to improve the quality of sowing. The method suitable for me to no-till is mainly organic seeding and rotary tiller. The rice paddy field is less than cultivated wheat, saving labor, saving time and cost, and the yield increase effect is obvious. In the year of severe disaster relief, if it is really necessary to sow wheat, water plow water and slab seeding can be used. In severe drought years, watering should be done in advance.
5. From the perspective of cultivating, late buckwheat should increase the amount of sowing to compensate for the lack of individual growth of wheat, but it is not appropriate to increase the amount of seeding. Late buckwheat should stay in good wheat, and the germination rate of wheat seeds should reach more than 85%. Under the premise of fine soil preparation, the amount of sow in the field is 12.5-15 kg, and the basic seedlings are 20-25 thousand.
6, reasonable fertilization. The base fertilizer should not be applied in large quantities to the quick-acting fertilizer. The organic and inorganic fertilizer application method should be adopted. If the organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer in the future during the planting period, the farmyard manure should be applied as the wax fertilizer in the winter, and the application should be carried out to extract the joint fertilizer. In the later stage, the spraying of 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1-2% should be combined with "one spray three prevention". Urea aqueous solution to prevent premature fat loss and premature aging.
7, late buckwheat in the spring to pay attention to the control of wheat sheath blight and wheat spiders. During the heading and flowering period, the focus is on preventing wheat scab and controlling the ear mites, and grasping the "one spray three defenses" of wheat. Chemical weeding can be combined with autumn and spring. The focus of rice buckwheat is controlled by A. maidenensis. The three-leaf stage is used with a 6.9% hummus emulsion of 40-50 ml and a uniform spray of 30 kg of water.
8. Special disaster years and special sputum. If the wheat is not planted before the planting, it is recommended not to plant wheat. It can be reserved for spring hoe and planting "five drought" crops.
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