Plastic film mulching cultivation technology is a common planting method, which can effectively heat, retain water, protect fertilizer, and promote plant growth and flowering results. The film mulching technique can also be used in the potato planting process to increase the yield and quality of the potato. The potato mulching cultivation techniques are now shared as follows:
I. Covered potato planting forms and procedures
1. After planting the first film: soil preparation → trenching → fertilizing pesticides → sowing → making bed → spraying herbicide → filming → seedling and management.
2. After the film is first planted: soil preparation → trenching → fertilizing pesticides → making bed → spraying herbicide → filming → sowing → seedling and management.
Second, the choice of land
(1) Choose a land with a flat terrain (slope below 10 degrees), a deep soil layer (more than 50 cm), loose soil (good water retention fertilizer performance, better watering conditions), and a plot above medium ground.
(2) Site preparation: In the autumn of last year, the deep turn was 17-25 cm. It was too late to turn over in the autumn. After turning over, it was timely pressed, pressed and smashed to reach deep, loose, flat and clean, without roots and earth and stone. Miscellaneous and have a good degree of lyricism.
3. Fertilization and spraying pesticides and pesticides
1. Fertilization: more than 4,000 kg of farmer's fertilizer per mu, and chemical fertilizer;
1 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 8-10 kg of urea, 8-10 kg of potassium sulfate or potassium chloride.
2 Apply N, P, K 15% of each of the three-element or multi-element compound fertilizer (Sacofu, Yanfeng, Yanyangtian) 40 kg or 50 kg of potato special fertilizer, plus urea 5-8 kg. 2. Spray pesticides: underground pest control, use gluten or gluten, wheat bran, corn bran 2-3 kg, stir-fry, mix 50% zinc sulphur phosphorus emulsifiable concentrate (insecticide) 50-100 grams, open sowing When the ditch is evenly spread in the ditch, it can be evenly spread into the soil with the farmyard manure and the seed fertilizer.
Fourth, planting pesticides
1. Selection: Choose high-yield, disease-resistant, commodity-friendly, storage-resistant early-stage detoxification seed potatoes to make seed potatoes, 1-2 days before germination, and 1-2 mm.
2. Dig bud: select the top of the tuber or the middle bud to make the bud, the weight of the bud is 40-50g. For the control of potato ring rot and other potato infectious diseases, use 50% carbendazim or 75% alcohol for knife disinfection. .
3. Seed treatment: for the control of potato late blight, early blight, black stem disease and other seed-borne diseases, 25% metalaxyl or 50% carbendazim, 70% mancozeb, 80% thiophanate, acre 50-100 grams of seed dressing.
4. Ditching:
(1) After the compound fertilizer, farmyard manure, poison bait and soil are mixed, the line spacing is 40 cm, the ditch depth is about 15 cm, the two points are separated by one point and then two points, and so on;
(2) Ditching fertilizer, farmer's fertilizer bait form, ditching depth 17 cm, fertilizer, bait, farmyard manure applied into the ditch, (buds and fertilizers should be separated by soil to prevent burning buds), also in two seedlings Another type of fertilizer is applied between the rows.
5. Sowing: According to the selected variety, soil level, cultivation and management conditions, the appropriate density is determined. The general plant spacing is 20-25 cm, and the bud eyes are upward and equidistant.
Five, do bed pesticides
1. Belt distance: generally one bed (75-80 cm) plus one ditch (45-40 cm) for one belt or 120 cm.
2. Line spacing: between the two rows in the bed is a small line spacing of 40 cm, between the two beds is a large line spacing of 80 cm.
3. Bed height: generally 5-10 cm, depending on the terrain, easy to squat high and easy to dry should be low.
4. Make a bed: After sowing, use a wooden plow to draw a ditch 20-25 cm away from the two nursery, and then cover the surface soil with a pair of tweezers to make the bed flat, fine and clean, and make the bed slightly flat in the middle. Shoulder angle.
6. Spraying herbicides to pesticides
48% trifluralin, 150-200 ml per mu, or 72% dul, 120-130 ml per mu, diluted with 50-60 kg of water, spray 70-80% of the solution evenly on the surface and side of the bed. . The remaining 20-30% of the drug solution is applied to the bed after the film is compacted and then sprayed.
Seven, covering the mulch
The film should be selected from ultra-thin film of 90-100 cm wide and 0.008 mm thick, and the dosage of 4-5 kg ​​per mu should be tightened and compacted to prevent wind scratching. (The method of seeding after filming is to use the eye-punching device according to the design line spacing and plant spacing. The depth of the eye is 10-15 cm, the depth is the same, and the sealing pressure is strict after sowing.
8. Management of pesticides in the field
1. Introducing seedlings: After planting, check the seedlings in time to find the seedlings. When the seedlings are unearthed or about to be unearthed, use a spatula or sharp weapon to cut the T-shaped mouth above the seedlings to remove the seedlings, and seal the membrane holes with wet soil. Alternatively, the soil compacting method can be used, that is, when 60% of the bud tip is 2-3 cm from the seedbed surface, two rows of wet soil are pressed on the top of the membrane bed seedling groove, so that the potato buds break out by themselves.
2. Film inspection: After sowing and during the growth process, it is necessary to check the membrane damage, wind removal, livestock trampling, etc., and take remedial measures in time.
3. Insect and disease prevention to promote production:
(1) Using the swelled "one mix and two spray", that is, the buds are seeded, flowered, and expanded during the expansion period to increase the yield by 20-30%;
(2) Pest control: In the initial stage of 28-star ladybug and bean yan, use 3% worm or 2.5% beta-cypermethrin, 20% chlorpyrifos, 2.5% enemy kill 1500-2500 times liquid spray Control
(3) Late blight prevention and control: use 25% metalaxyl or 72% frost plague, 80% can kill, 72% gram, spray, 100 grams of medicine, 50-60 kilograms of water, 5-7 before onset In the day, the leaves are evenly sprayed, and sprayed 3-4 times at intervals of 7-10 days.
Nine, matters needing attention
1. The film planting is about 7 days earlier than the bare planting, and the design seedling period should be 2-3 days after the night cream.
2. The film plot is better, the soil water content is 16%-18%, and the moisture is not easy to cover the film.
3. The film-filled plot should be selected from fertile plots with irrigated conditions, with high yield potential and high efficiency.
4. For the seed of the film, the early-stage detoxification seed buds or small potatoes should be used for sowing. Avoid small buds or tail buds and inferior seeds to ensure that the seedlings are full of seedlings, increase production and increase efficiency.
5. Thoroughly remove residual film before harvest to avoid or reduce land pollution.
6. Re-apply farmyard manure and organic fertilizer to avoid or slow down the decline of soil fertility.
Planting potato with mulching technology can increase yield by 20%~70%, and increase the rate of large potato by about 25%, which can greatly improve farmers' planting efficiency.
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