Today, Huinong.com is a small series to introduce you to a new variety of cucumber planting technology, that is, the South China cucumber "green angel" greenhouse early maturing cultivation technology, please have the idea of ​​cucumber growers come to study.
1 variety selection
Cucumber is the main vegetable listed in the summer. It is native to the tropics. The growth period is affected by the climate. It is a melon vegetable crop that is warm, light, moist, weak and short. The “Jinyan Cucumber†traditionally planted in Shandong Province is a variety selected from the hybrid population of “Tangshan Qiagua†by the Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. It is a typical type of North China cucumber, cultivated by the Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The “Green Angel†and “Tianzheng Seriesâ€, which are suitable for conservation and cultivation, are South China-type varieties, especially “Green Angelsâ€. Because of their low temperature resistance and low light resistance, they are welcomed by the majority of vegetable farmers and gradually become Shandong. Regional promotion and cultivation.
2 Variety characteristics
"Green Angel" plant grows strong, the internodes are short, the skin color is green and even, shiny, thorn white is rare, no thorns, the melon is very short, the melon is about 20 cm long, the thickness is even, and the main vine is the main melon. In the middle and late period, it is not easy to spend topping under low temperature and low light. After entering winter, the female flower festival rate is high, the fruit setting rate is good, the disease resistance is strong, and the yield can reach 10,000 kg/mu, for downy mildew and white powder. The resistance to disease and scab is equivalent to that of Jinchun No. 3, and the resistance to Fusarium is equivalent to that of Xintai. Suitable for winter greenhouse cultivation.
3 cultivation environment
3.1 Temperature
The suitable temperature for the growth of "Green Angel" is 18 ° C ~ 32 ° C, below 10 ° C ~ 13 ° C, the plant grows slowly; the suitable temperature for seed germination is 25 ° C ~ 30 ° C. In the growing season, when the temperature is higher than 20 °C, it will enter the flowering stage after 26 days; the temperature should not be higher than 35 °C, the pollen is easily damaged and the germination rate is reduced. From sowing to unearthing, the temperature requirement is slightly higher, the daily temperature can be kept at 22 °C ~ 25 °C, and the night temperature is not lower than 15 °C ~ 18 °C; the temperature before unearthing can be slightly lower, avoiding the length, the daily temperature can be maintained at 18 °C~21°C; after the seedlings are planted, the temperature can be gradually increased; to the peak of the result, a higher temperature is required, and the daily temperature should be maintained at 23°C~27°C, which can promote the plant to grow vigorously and increase the yield.
3.2 Humidity
The squash leaves are large and many, with shallow roots and strong transpiration. A large number of lateral roots are distributed in the topsoil. They have high water requirements and are not tolerant to drought. To maintain a certain soil moisture and 70%~90% air humidity for Baofeng production. When the seeds are germinated, sufficient water is needed. As the plants grow, the water demand increases gradually. In the end, the water demand is the most. When the water supply is insufficient, the normal expansion of the young melons is affected, and the deformed melons appear, which reduces the yield and quality. .
3.3 Lighting
Cucumber is a short-day crop. "Green Angel" has the characteristics of weak light resistance compared with general greenhouse varieties, and can produce fruiting results under shorter light conditions. During the seedling period, under the conditions of short sunshine and low temperature, the female's birth node can be lowered, the number of female flowers can be increased, and the early flowering result can be promoted, which is suitable for greenhouse cultivation in winter protected areas.
3.4 Soil nutrition
The "green angel" cultivated in greenhouses is weak in fertility and is very sensitive to the concentration of fertilizer. It must be applied by diligent application. After sowing, the demand for phosphorus in the whole seedling stage is urgent; the result is nitrogen and phosphorus. The combination of three kinds of fertilizers and potassium is the ratio of the three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium: first time (initial result) 3:6:1, second time (resulting period) 6:3:8. The principle of total fertilization should be based on the use of organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and the freshwater manure is lightly poured and poured (high concentration of fertilizer is not conducive to the growth of cucumber), and appropriate fertilizer should be used.
4 cultivation points
4.1 shed construction
The average temperature in most parts of Shandong from December to February is lower than the critical temperature of cucumber freezing damage. The thickness of frozen soil is between 20~40cm. Under the influence of cold weather in winter and low temperature in late autumn and early spring, it is necessary to carry out cucumber winter greenhouse. Indoor cultivation requires gardening facilities that are fast and warm. Although the "green angel" has the characteristics of weak light resistance compared with the general greenhouse varieties, in order to make the winter warm greenhouse light temperature suitable for the "green angel" wintering high-efficiency cultivation needs, firstly, the shed surface lighting angle should be reasonably arranged, and EVA is not used as much as possible. The second is to increase the thickness of the wall of the greenhouse, and the wind barrier can be buried outside the two walls. The third is to control the length of the crops to receive the light, to wrap the grass outside the greenhouse, and to keep warm in the evening.
4.2 Whole earth
“Green Angel†is not suitable for planting on viscous ditch dry mud, due to poor soil permeability and poor root development; and sensitive to acidic soil with pH ≥6.5, suitable for loam with high organic matter content and good gas permeability. Planted. Optional field crop topsoil or onion and garlic on the upper layer of fertile soil, each cubicle seed bed soil mixed with carbendazim 150~250 g, mixed evenly, placed for half a month; also available formalin 50~100 times liquid 18~20 kg/m3 Bed soil, mulching film covering 3~4 days, after two weeks of soil disinfection, use 4~5 parts of decomposed horse manure 3 parts, 1 piece of ash, mixed with a small amount of urea 0.5 kg or superphosphate 1~2 kg Screened. Sandy loam or sand can also be premature and high-yield under conditions of sufficient fertilizer and water.
4.3 Sowing and seedling management
The main difference between greenhouse cultivation and sowing cultivation is that greenhouse cultivation is cultivating and anti-seasonal cultivation. The planting period is not determined according to seasonal natural climatic conditions. “Green Angel†is around September 20 in Shandong. Sowing, seedling age 35 ~ 40 d, can be black seed pumpkin as a rootstock, scion breeding grafted seedlings. The purpose of grafting is to avoid the soil-borne diseases such as fusarium wilt; the second is strong plant growth, cold tolerance, heat resistance, stress resistance, and adaptability; third, the grafted plants have strong symbiotic affinity, which can increase yield by 30%. the above. Flower bud differentiation affecting the mid-term yield, in the 1~10 true leaf stage, the short-day sunshine and the greenhouse can be used to expose the opaque cover to make the "green angel" sunshine 7~8 h, and adjust the temperature difference between day and night 9 °C~11 °C, the soil moisture of the seedbed is kept at 60%~75%, and the effect of increasing female flowers is obvious. Spray 2 times 50~80 mg/kg of ethylene (2% ethylene to water 1 000~6 000 times) in 2~4 true leaves, conditional combination with shed indoor carbon dioxide fertilizer, can inhibit "Green Angel" flowering and fruiting period male flowers increased, promote flower bud differentiation, and more female flowers, to prevent seedlings.
4.4 ridge mulching, covering the mulch
The grafted seedlings are 5~7 days after rooting, and the seedlings grow to 4~5 true leaves, which can be colonized around October 25. Lines are made at a distance of 120 cm, with double ridges from north to south, high bows on the ridges, ridges with a small row spacing of 40 cm, large distances of 80 cm across the furrows, and 8-10 cm of water flowing along the line to graft the whole soil. The cockroach is taken out, placed at a planting distance of about 30 cm, and the soil is ridged and ridged, and the ridge is covered with a mulch, covering a 1.3 m wide mulch. The role of ridge mulching and covering the mulch: First, the ridge is conducive to soil tillage and root respiration; second, the ridge can increase the temperature difference between the day and night of the soil tillage layer, inhibit the growth of the flower bud, promote the differentiation of the flower bud, promote the growth of the seedling; And the application of fertilizer; the fourth is to cover the mulch to protect the sputum, maintain the appropriate humidity, increase the heat capacity of the soil, adjust the temperature difference; the fifth is to reduce the evaporation of surface water, reduce the humidity inside the shed, which is conducive to disease prevention; Pan vine.
4.5 Slow seedling to sitting melon management
After planting, a new leaf is grown for the slow seedling period, which usually takes about 10 days. Management mastery: no watering, no topdressing, 3 d no ventilation and wetting, high temperature to promote rooting, sunshade and seedlings wilting. Slow seedlings to most plants, female flowers have been opened or sitting on young fruit, generally 30 to 35 days, is the most technical and most important period of greenhouse management. In the late stage of slow seedling, through the uncovering and covering the grass sputum and other opaque covering insulation, try to get short light of 7~8 h/d, wipe the shed film to increase light transmission; cover the insulation and ventilation to cool the shed The temperature is controlled between 23 ° C and 28 ° C in the daytime, 15 ° C to 18 ° C in the night, and the temperature difference between day and night is 8 ° C to 10 ° C. Under the condition of plastic film mulching, the watering is reduced, the humidity is maintained at about 75%, and the temperature is not higher than 85%. development.
4.6 Management of the period
"Green Angel" wintering 茬 From late November to late April, the amount of melon produced in the first and middle stages of melon is more than 73% of the total output. The photosynthesis of the plant is enhanced, requiring long light time, high light intensity and high temperature. The temperature difference between day and night is large, the supply of water and fertilizer is timely and sufficient, and the environment inside the shed changes greatly. Pests and diseases should be prevented as early as possible. From the beginning of May to the beginning of June, in the late stage of the squash, the grass stalks were removed, and the front window vent film was ventilated throughout the day, so that the temperature in the shed was basically close to the natural temperature. Generally, the water was topdressed once every 7~8d, with potassium and nitrogen fertilizers as Mainly, with the application of Amino Acids and a variety of trace element foliar fertilizers, to prevent the growth of nutrient growth, prolong the period of melon, increase the yield in the later period, and reduce the quality.
4.7 Pest Control
In the late stage of melon, the sugar content in the plant is insufficient, and the ability to resist downy mildew is reduced. The spraying effect is very poor. It can be sprayed with 72.2% Plex water on 800 times liquid and sucrose 200 times liquid. For pests such as flies, it is best to use avermectin as the main component of wind thunder, Aifuding, Aweiduqing and other chemicals, and it is harmless.
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