2018-2019 Northern Wheat Autumn and Winter Seeds Technical Guidance Opinions The Agricultural Experts Group of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Agriculture has been the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center. Since the summer of this year, the winter wheat main producing areas have had more rainfall and the soil bottoms are generally adequate. The growth and development process of autumn crops is close to the same period of the year. It is expected that the maturity period will be similar to that of normal years. In most areas, winter wheat is expected to be planted at a suitable time. Wheat is abundantly supplied to meet production needs.
However, there are uncertainties in weather conditions and soil moisture during the autumn season. All localities should make early preparations to effectively improve the quality of winter wheat sowing, cultivate the seedlings before the winter, and consolidate the foundation of the summer harvest. The four major planting areas are now proposed to provide technical guidance for wheat autumn and winter in 2018-2019 for reference.
Taking Huanghuai and the northern winter wheat area as examples
The wheat in this area will be planted in the middle of October, and will be harvested from the end of May to the middle of June. The autumn wheat planting and winter management priorities of the region include the following aspects:
(1) Preparation before the broadcast
1. Variety selection.
First, the varieties are selected according to the quality requirements. For the strong gluten wheat suitable planting area, strong gluten varieties with excellent quality and good yield can be selected. Medium-gluten and medium-strength gluten wheat should balance high yield, stress resistance and quality.
The second is to select varieties according to different ecological temperatures. Winter wheat varieties are strictly selected in the winter wheat area in the north, winter or semi-winter varieties are used in the Huanghuai winter wheat area, weak spring varieties can be appropriately selected in some areas of Huanghuai South or late-sown wheat fields, and it is strictly prohibited to plant and select unapproved varieties across the area. .
The third is to select varieties according to the planting system. Wheat-cotton intercropping requires that the wheat varieties are suitable for late sowing and early maturity to shorten the symbiotic period of wheat and cotton. At the same time, the plants are required to be shorter, the plant type is compact, and the advantages are strong, and the light energy can be fully utilized to improve the photosynthetic efficiency.
The fourth is to select the variety according to soil conditions. For high-yield fields with good fertilizer and water conditions, the varieties with high yield and high yield resistance should be used. In the water-deficient areas, drought-tolerant and water-stable products should be selected, drought-tolerant and drought-tolerant varieties should be selected, and drought-tolerant and fertile varieties with high fertility should be used.
The fifth is to select varieties for regional disaster-prone disasters. Dry and hot wind areas should be selected for early maturity, anti-premature aging, and resistance to green and dry varieties. Areas that are prone to late frost damage should choose varieties with strong growth and strong frost resistance in early spring.
Sixth is strictly introduced and replaced. According to the changes in production conditions, timely replacement of varieties, to prevent large-scale introduction, planting and frequent replacement of varieties without trial.
2. Seed treatment. Strict seed dressing, prohibiting over-medication; seeding immediately after seed dressing, ready to use now, broadcast on the same day. Appropriately increase the amount of seeds used after seed dressing. When coating and seed dressing, use the medicine according to the pesticide label instructions.
3, straw returned to the field. Corn stalks return to the field to be "crushed, sprinkled, buried, compacted." Straw crushing and returning to the field requires a length of 厘米 7 cm, evenly throwing the surface, ploughing and deep underground.
4, deep ploughing (deep pine) rolling. Deep plowing 23-25 ​​cm and then rolling, or deep-spinning 30-35 cm and then twisting and pressing. The effect of deep tillage or deep pine can last for 2 years, and it can be deep ploughed or deep loose for 1 year, and 2 years of rotary tillage. One year in the dryland wheat field deep ploughing, deep pine should be carried out in early July, which is conducive to the rain and storage, and timely harvest.
5. Apply base fertilizer. Pay attention to soil testing and formula fertilization, NPK fertilizer, and supplement micronutrient fertilizer. High-yield fields use nitrogen fertilizer post-shifting technology, and nitrogen fertilizer bottoming and topdressing each account for 50%.
6, watering ostomy. Adhere to the foot sowing to ensure that the whole seedling is broadcast. In the wheat field where the sensation is insufficient (when the relative water content of the 0-40 cm soil layer is less than 70%), the wheat field should be sown first and then sown. Timely rowing of wheat fields that cannot be smashed in time and then sown in the head water. In the southern low-lying wheat field, attention should be paid to the accumulation of water in the field, drying and sowing;
(two) sowing
7. Suitable for sowing date. The average daily temperature of the typical winter varieties is 16-18 °C, and the semi-winter varieties are 14-16 °C. Breeding strong seedlings before winter, winter and semi-winter varieties should ensure that the effective accumulated temperature before winter reaches 550-600 °C, forming 5-6 leaves of main stem, 3-5 branches per plant and 3-5 secondary roots before winter. The strong seedlings must also consider weather conditions, fertility levels, pests and diseases, and safe wintering.
Generally, the northern winter wheat area is from the end of September to the beginning of October. The northern and central parts of the Huanghuai winter wheat area are from October 5 to 15, and the southern part of the Huanghuai winter wheat area is suitable for sowing date from October 10 to 20.
8, reasonable broadcast volume. Reasonable sowing amount and suitable basic seedling number are the starting points for laying high-quality groups, and are important measures to construct a reasonable group structure, coordinate the relationship between groups and individuals, wheat growth and development and environmental conditions. In the appropriate sowing period, the appropriate amount of sowing should be determined according to the land, the species, and the time.
The first is the characteristics of the variety. The second is the sowing time. The third is the level of ground power.
Generally, the basic seedlings in the northern winter wheat area are 200,000 to 300,000, the northern and central parts of the Huanghuai winter wheat area are 150,000 to 250,000, and the southern part of Huanghuai is 150,000 to 180,000. After the average daily temperature at the time of sowing is less than 15 °C, the basic seedlings will increase by 10,000 for each day of planting, but the maximum is not more than 350,000.
9, fine sowing. Sowing with a wheat planter that meets the requirements and quality. Under the premise of high-quality land preparation, we will promote sowing methods such as wide sowing, wide and narrow row sowing, and equal spacing and uniform sowing;
The dry farming area can demonstrate the promotion of mechanical ditching and land preparation and sowing; the rice and buckwheat area promotes mechanical seeding. According to the local actual situation, all localities determine the appropriate row spacing, so that the row spacing is consistent, the broadcast volume is accurate, the depth is the same, the seeding depth is 3-5 cm, no leakage, no replay.
10, after the suppression of suppression. Seeding and suppression is an important measure to resist drought, freeze and improve the quality of emergence and cultivate strong seedlings before winter. The seeder with the pressure reducer should be pressed with the seeding, and the seeder without the roller should be crushed with a roller after sowing.
To ensure the pressure of the town, to ensure the quality of repression, to achieve soil compaction, reduce soil leakage, promote the growth of wheat seedlings, and cultivate strong seedlings before winter.
11, check seedlings replanting. After the emergence of wheat, it is necessary to check the seedlings in time. If the seedlings are missing or missed, it is necessary to use the seeds of the same variety to germination and replanting early to prevent the seedlings and the mass of the whole seedlings due to lack of seedlings and ridges.
Kinds of wheat do not breed! Be sure to be optimistic about expert guidance before planting!
In the coming year, we can stabilize production and high yield! Get a bumper harvest! (National Agricultural Technology Promotion Service Center)
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